location, anatomy, function, blood supply and nerve supply of gall bladder

Gall bladder

 The gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine.

Location:

In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver,below 9th rib you can palpate its fundus.

Anatomy:

• The gall bladder has three parts,the fundus, body and neck.
• Fundus is the lower part of gall bladder and can be easily palpate.
• Body is the central part and is easily linked with transverse colon almost all bile store in the body.
• Neck is the uppermost part of the gall bladder.Ithas infundibulum and then comes cystic duct, 3cm in length and and its lumen is 1-3mm wide.The neck has spiral folds in it. 
• The maximum volume that gall bladder can hold is only 30 to 60ml.

Hautman's pouch:

When  a stone is build up in the gall bladder, there makes a membraneous pouch around it,which is called hautman's pouch.

Functions:

The gall bladder performs two major functions.

• Storage of bile
• Concentration of bile

The bile is composed of cholesterol, bilirubin, sodium, potassium ,chloride and water.When the bile is concentrated in the gall bladder all components are reabsorbed, except cholesterol and bilirubin, which are the main components of concentrated bile.

Blood supply:

The gall bladder mainly has blood supply comprise of

• Cystic artery
• Cystic vein 

Nerve Supply:

The gall bladder has both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers as its nerve supply.

• Parasympathetic fibers come from vagus nerve(the 10th cranial nerve).
• Phrenic nerve is also included in the nerve supply of gall bladder.